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101.1 Pump Basics
Air operated piston pumps utilize a relatively simple method for producing flow & pressure in a fluid. Typically the upper portion of the pump utilizes a pressurized air supply to drive a piston assembly in a reciprocating cycle. This is usually accomplished by the employment of a spring assisted toggle assembly to allow the air supply to be applied to the top & bottom of the air piston in an alternating manner. This produces an up & down cycle or stroke. This is generally known as the air motor of the pump. This air motor is mechanically linked to a fluid piston with an appropriate rod & seal configuration. When functioning properly this rod & seal isolates the fluid from the air motor area. See Fig. 1.
The fluid portion of the pump is typically two opposing check valves. The lower valve, called the foot valve, is fixed in position at the bottom of a fluid tube. The second valve, the fluid piston, is attached to the fluid rod & reciprocates with the air motor assembly. See Fig. 2. As the fluid valve moves downward its check ball is forced off seat as it displaces the fluid that is checked by the lower foot valve. After transitioning to an upstroke this ball is forced on seat by the fluid being pushed to the dispense point & the ball check in the foot valve is drawn off seat by the low pressure created by the fluid valve moving upward. This cycle is repeated as long as there is fluid “request” at the dispense point. When the demand or request is terminated, the fluid will stop or stall the air motor. This will maintain the fluid line in a pressurized state, as long as air is supplied to the pump. See Fig. 3.